Uncategorised

Details: Published: Sunday, 10 March 2024 17:02; Hits: 248

Summarized Table for Past, Present and Future Tense of -ar, -er and -ir verbs for singular form only:

Here's are all 3 forms for 25 most commonly used verbs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDUuB5YohO4

Since singular form I and you are used so often, it makes sense to learn these ones, instead of trying to remember tables for all forms. Here is the concise table (I've put plural forms at bootom of table to keep everything in one table). I've highlighted the first 3 rows as that is going to be used most often. The "you all" form (5th row) is only when talking in Spaon, and you can avoid that altogether (darkened as red below).

TIPS:

Present tense of all verbs for first person "I" ends with "o". Present tense of you always ends in "s" (way to remember is that "you" in English is always treated as plural i.e "you are", so Spanish treats "you" as plural by adding "s" to conjugation), while 3rd person is treated as singular.
Past tense for -er/-ir follows -ir form (for all 6 entries), while Fuure tense for -er/-ir follows -er form (for only 3 entries. Other 3 entries follow a form).Way to remember is "future" has "e" in it, so er verb followed for future.
Future tense for any verb is recognized by seeing the full base verb + some suffix. i.e future tense of "I will speak" will be "hablar+é" = hablaré. Way to remember is Future means stretch the word, so the full base word is used. This way it stands out from all the other tenses, which truncate or modify the base infinitive verb.

base word = -ar, -er, -ir	Past Tense (-ar)/(-er/-ir)	Present Tense (-ar)/(-er/-ir)	Future Tense (Base word remains same, all have accent on a and e)). Boot entries follows -ar, while other 2 entries follow -er
I	-é / -í ( has accent for past tense)	-o	-é (this follows ar past tense)
You	-aste / -iste	-as / -es	-ás (same as ar present form, but with accent)
He, She, You	-ó / -ió ( has accent for past tense)	-a / -e	-á (same as ar present form, but with accent)
We	amos / imos	-amos / emos / imos	-émos (same as er form, accent or No accent?)
You all	asteis / isteis	-áis / -éis / -ís (only these have accent for Present tense)	-éis (same as er form)
They, You all	aron / ieron	an / en	-án (same as ar present form, but with accent)

Imperfect and Conditional (simple): Both are grouped in one table below, even though Imperfect is "past", while conditional is "future". This is since Conditional has same suffix as Imperfect (for -er/-ir). The only way to distinguish the 2 is that for Conditional, Base word remains same, while for Imperfect, base is modified to stem.

Imperfect: It is similar to past tense, but is used where events didn't have specific duration. 2 situations (See in "Past Imperfect verb" section):
- I was eating,
- i used to eat.
Conditional: It is similar to future tense, but is used to talk about hypothetical situations and make requests. (See in "Future tense" section):
- ex: I would like to go to France.

base word = -ar, -er, -ir	Imperfect Tense (-ar)/(-er/-ir)	Conditional Form for all verbs(same as Imperfect -er/-ir conjugation)
I	-aba / -ía ( has accent on i for all -er/-ir) i.e comía (I used to eat) => base word modied	-ía (i.e gustaría (I would like) => base word remains same)
You	-abas / -ías	-ías
He, She, You	-aba / -ía	-ía
We	-ábamos / -iamos	-iamos
You all	-abais / -iais	-iais
They, You all	-aban / -ian	-ian

Details: Published: Sunday, 10 March 2024 17:00; Hits: 253

Imperative Mood of Verbs used to give commands: We use verbs to command (mandatos in spanish means commands which is like "to mandate something") someone to do something. These are called Imperative mood of the verb. ex: open the letter. Here "you" is implied, as we always give command to someone else "you open the letter". So, we use 3rd person form of the verb in this context (3rd person is used since we use usted form of you to give respect to the person). Depending on whether it's affirmative cmd (you do this) vs negative cmd (you do NOT do this), we change the verb ending in a different way for negative cmd.

NOTE: However, I've seen a lot of conflicting info on how the 3rd form singular form is changed even for affirmative cmds. Not sure which one is correct. Spanish translators give both kind of translations.

Video by Spanish Tuor (lesson 54) => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2UnO5khpi4

RULES:

For Affirmative commands (i.e Do this), there are 2 types => flipped form and unflipped form:
- tú form (informal): For giving cmds to children, other people who are below you, we use "tú" form. You would expect to use 2nd person singular/plural, but instead we use the "3rd person singular/plural form". When it's first peron plural (ex: Let's eat). This is the only case where we don't flip the -ar and -er/-ir verb. In all the other case below, transformations are flipped. Think of it this way => When we give affirmative cmd, we want to be polite, so use 3rd person usted form
- usted form (formal): For giving cmds to your friend, seniors, etc, we use the more respectable "usted form". We use the "3rd person singular/plural form" which is same as above. So, to distinguish b/w above case and this case, we flip the -ar and -er verbs. -ar verbs pretend as if they are -er/-ir verb, while -er/-ir verb pretend to be -ar verb. So, the 3rd person form for hablar will be hable (even though it should be habla, but we treat hablar as -er verb for tranformation purpose).
- We (1st person plural): This is for cases when we order ourselves, ex: Let's eat. We are strictly commanding, but it's similar to a cmd. Here, we flip -ar and -er verb for transformation purpose.
For Negative commands (i.e. Do NOT do this). There is only 1 type => flipped form
- For all persons, we use only one form => the flipped form for all table entries (we flip -ar and -er verbs). So, the 2nd person form for hablar will be hables (even though it should be hablas, but we treat hablar as -er verb for tranformation purpose). Similarly for 3rd person (usted/ustedes) and 1st person plural (we), we flip -ar and -er verb.
Irregular verbs: There are 8 irregular verbs which have don't follow the rule above. These are "ven di sal haz ten ve pon se", which you can remember by thinking, "Vin DieSel Has Ten WeaPonS, eh?" => Ven DiSal Haz Ten VePonS eh.

Table form for Affirmative/Negative cmds: Remember: All verbs are flipped b/w ar and er/ir except 2nd person Affirmative. Basically it's all subjunctive form of verb, except for 2nd person Affirmative, which is indicative form. It'll be easier once you learn subjunctive forms of verbs.

base word = -ar, -ir, -er	singular ar/(er,ir) (Positive // Negative cmds are different only for 2nd person)	plural ar/(er,ir) (Positive, Negative cmds are same and all flipped)
I => First person	No orders given to oneself	-emos/-amos (flipped) ex: comer => ¡comamos! / ¡No comamos!
You (informal) => Second person	-a/-e (3rd person unflipped) // -es/-as (2nd person flipped) ex: hablar => ¡habla! / ¡No hables! ex: comer => ¡come! / ¡No comas!	comfusing (ignore this)
He, she, You (formal=> Third person	-e/-a (flipped) ex: hablar => ¡hable! / ¡No hable! ex: comer => ¡coma! // ¡No coma!	-en/-an (flipped) ex: comer => ¡coman! / ¡No coman!

Ex:

open the letter => abre la carta (here 3rd person of abrir is used. It's said informally to someone youger to ypu, or your friend. You is left out as is common in spanish)
buy the car => compra el carro (again, this is for informal order)
Eat => Come (informal tú form for children), Coma (formal usted form for seniors). Coman (formal, but to a group of people). "Let's eat" => hablemos (instead of hablamos)
Close the door => cierra la puerta (cerrar is stem changing verb since it has "e", which changes to ie => cierr as modified stem => 3rd person changes to cierra)
Speak => habla (for informal, 3rd person), hable (for formal, 3rd person flipped).When saying this to group of people, we use hablan (informal) or hablen (formal)
- Don't speak => No hables (Since it's negative cmd, we use 2nd person singular (flipped), which should be hablas, but it's treated as er verb, so hables)
Write => Escribe (for informal, 3rd person), escriba (for formal, 3rd person flipped). Don't write => No escribas (instead of escribes, we treat it as ar verb). Let's write => escribamos (instead of escribemos)
Don't learn German => No aprendas aléman (instead of aprendes, we treat it as ar verb)

Details: Published: Sunday, 10 March 2024 16:28; Hits: 184

Simple Future and Conditional form

I've combined both Future and conditional form into one section as they both follow similar form. Simple Future form is sentences like "I will do this". Simple Conditional form is sentences like "I would like to do this". They both are referring to things in future though one is hypothetical. Both of these transformations keep the base word same, and just add a suffix. So, remember that if the full infinitive form of the verb is kept, it's always things in future !! The transformation of all verbs (ending in -ar, -er, -ir) is the same, so it's easy to remember.

Future Tense of -ar, -er, -ir verbs:

Fortunately future tense of all the -ar, -er, -ir verbs follow the same pattern. However, there are many exceptions to this rule that we will learn later. Future tense is "I will go", "she will go to Paris" etc. There is no separate translation for "will" in spanish, we just transform the verb based on table below to indicate "will go", "will eat" in 1 word.

Lesson 51 => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U42loE1zhdw

Below is the transformation table. The thing that is different about future tense is that the base word remains the same, we just add the below suffix to it. The suffix has an accent in all forms except first person plural.

base word = -ar, -ir, -er	singular	plural ( add s at end)
I => First person	-é (with accent)	-emos (same as -er verb)
You (informal) => Second person	-ás (with accent)	-éis (same as -er verb)
He, she, You (formal=> Third person	-á (with accent)	-án (with accent)

Viajar => To travel: The Spanish verb viajar is an -ar verb translated in English as “to travel”. Below is the table based on above transformation.

base word = viajar (to travel)	singular	plural ( add s at end)
I => First person	viajaré => will travel	viajaremos ex: nosotros viajaremos (we will travel)
You (informal) => Second person	viajarás	viajaréis ex: vosotros viajaréis => You will travel
He, she, You (formal) => Third person	viajará =>	viajarán =>

Ex:

I will go tomorrow => yo iré mañana
She will talk to her boyfriend tonight => Ella hablará con su novio esta noche
I'll find a nice house some day => encontraré una casa bonita algún día => Here we used "casa bonita" as adjectives come after noun in Spanish. However, "una bonita casa" is also valid.

Conditional (condicional simple) of -ar, -er, -ir verbs:

This is closely related to future form. But it's used to talk about hypothetical situations and make requests. Ex: "Would you pass the water?", "We would like out the trash", etc. Jus tlike future tense, all -ar, -er, -ir verbs follow the same pattern and base word remains the same (we just add suffix based on table below). There is no separate translation for "would" in spanish, we just transform the verb based on table below to indicate "would like to", "would you pass" in 1 word (just as in Future tense).

Below is the transformation table. Here too the base word remains the same, we just add the below suffix to it. The suffix has an accent in all forms on the letter "i" (only the 1st i in suffix).

NOTE: This suffix "ía" etc is the same as that used in "Past Imperfect form" (i.e used to go, etc). The only difference is that it goes with the full base word here (i.e gustar + ía = gustaría), while in Past Imperfect, it goes with the stem (i.e gust + ía = gustía)

base word = -ar, -ir, -er	singular	plural ( add s at end)
I => First person	-ía (with accent on i)	-íamos (same as -er verb)
You (informal) => Second person	-ías (with accent on i)	-íais (same as -er verb)
He, she, You (formal=> Third person	-iá (with accent on i)	-ían (with accent)

Conocer => To know: The Spanish verb conocer is an -er verb translated in English as “to know”. Below is the table based on above transformation.

base word = conocer (to know)	singular	plural ( add s at end)
I => First person	conocería => would know	conoceríamos ex: nosotros conoceríais (we would know)
You (informal) => Second person	conocerías	conoceríais ex: vosotros conoceríais => You would know)
He, she, You (formal) => Third person	conocería =>	conocerían =>

Ex:

I would go tomorrow => yo iría mañana
She would like to read this book =>ella le gustaría leer este libro
I would like to order a pizza => me gustaría ordernar una pizza

Details: Published: Sunday, 10 March 2024 16:27; Hits: 226

Past Tense of -ar, -er, -ir verbs:

Past tense of -ar verbs follow a different pattern than past tense of -er/-ir verbs, which follow the same pattern., -er, -ir verbs follow the same pattern.

Past Tense of -ar verbs:

General transformation remains almost same as present tense.

Lesson 31: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwTPwRMjLD8

base word = -ar (to do something)	singular	plural ( add s at end)
I => First person	-é (with accent)	-amos (same as present tense, figured from context)
You (informal) => Second person	-aste (te added compared to present tense)	-asteis (-is added to singular form instead of áis)
He, she, You (formal=> Third person	-ó (with accent. -o w/o an accent was the present tense for Singular First person)	-aron

Hablar => to speak

base word = hablar (to speak)	singular	plural ( add s at end)
I => First person	hablé ex: Yo hablé => I spoke	hablamos (Same as present tense, figured out from context) ex: nostros hablamos => We spoke
You (informal) => Second person	hablaste ex: tú hablaste =>you spoke	hablasteis ex: vosotros hablasteis
He, she, You (formal) => Third person	habló ex: Ella habló => She spoke	hablaron ex: Ellos hablaron => They spoke

Gustar => to speak

base word = gustar (to speak)	singular	plural ( add s at end)
I => First person	gusté ex: te gusté me => you liked me	gustamos ex: te gustamos => you liked us (same as you like us)
You (informal) => Second person	gustaste ex: le gustaste te=> he liked you	gustasteis ex: ex: He liked you all => le (to him) gustasteis
He, she, You (formal) => Third person	gustó ex: I liked the car => Me gustó el coche (here car is 3rd person, so gustó used)	gustaron ex:I liked peoples => Me gustaron los pueblos

Past Tense of -er/-ir verbs:

General transformation for past tense remains almost same as present tense.

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P1i5BrPAELU&list=PLv63dFTP4Sjq6knRsZQI-bTnRE38cZZoy&index=26

Link (lesson 35) => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCT68wkVCNM

base word = -er/-ir	singular	plural
I => First person	-í	-imos
You (informal) => Second person	-iste	-isteis
He, she, You (formal=> Third person	-ió	-ieron

Comer => To eat. Past tense is "ate".

base word = comer (to eat)	singular	plural ( add s at end)
I => First person	comí ex: Yo comí manzana=> I ate apple	comimos ex: nosotros comemos (we eat)
You (informal) => Second person	comiste ex:	comisteis ex: vosotros comisteis
He, she, You (formal=> Third person	comió ex: Ella comió => She ate	comieron ex: Ellos comieron

Tener => To have. Past tense is "had". Treat this word as "tuv" for transformation purpose for all 2nd singular person and all plural forms, and apply same suffix as past tense for -er verb.

base word = tener (to have)	singular	plural ( same as -er verb )
I => First person	tuve (-e instead of -í) ex: Yo tuve => I had	tuvimos ex: nosotros tubimos (we had)
You (informal) => Second person	tuviste (same as -er verb) ex: tú tuviste => you had	tuvisteis ex: vosotros tuvísteis
He, she, You (formal=> Third person	tuvo (-o instead of -ió) ex: ella tuvo => She had	tuvieron ex: Ellos tuvieron

Haber => had. Past tense of has is had. It's used as an auxilary verb. Haber is an irregular form, and so doesn't follow regular -er table. For transformation purposes, base stem is "habí" (i with an accent), and the verb itself follow ar verb Present tense table (instead of Past tense -er table).Actually Haber changes to Habíar, and hence is an -ar verb. The only odd entry is 1st person singular which has -a instead of -o.

base word = haber => Habíar (had)	singular	plural ( add s at end)
I => First person	había (instead of -o, it ends in -a, so it becomes same as 3rd person singular)	habíamos
You (informal) => Second person	habías	habíaís
He, she, You (formal) => Third person	había	habían

Escribir => To write. Past tense is 'wrote".

base word = escribir (to write)	singular	plural ( add s at end)
I => First person	escribí ex: Yo escribí => I wrote	escribimos ex: nosotros escribimos (we write)
You (informal) => Second person	escribiste ex:	escribisteis ex: vosotros escribísteis
He, she, You (formal=> Third person	excribe ex: Ella escribe => She writes	escribieron ex: Ellos escriben

Details: Published: Sunday, 10 March 2024 16:25; Hits: 244

-ir verbs: A lot of words ending in -ir are verbs and are called -ir verbs. ex: escribir => to write, etc. This is different than "ir" standalone verb that we saw above.The base word literally means "to eat". The transformation is same as "-er" verb, except for nosostros and vosotros. Here "emos" becomes "-imos" and "-éis" becomes "-ís".

Link: Same video fo -er verb above has -ir verb explanation.

base word = -ir (to do something)	singular	plural ( add s at end)
I => First person	-o (same as -er)	-imos (instead of -emos)
You (informal) => Second person	-es (same as -er)	-ís (instead of -éis)
He, she, You (formal=> Third person	-e (same as -er)	-en (same as -er)

Ex: Below are few examples of -ir verbs that follow the pattern above.

escribir => To Write: The Spanish verb escribir is an -ir verb translated in English as “to write”. It looms similar to word "scribe" in English which referred to a person employed to make written copies of documents. Basically writing things by hand. Below is the table based on above transformation.

base word = escribir (to write)	singular	plural ( add s at end)
I => First person	escribo ex: Yo escribo => I write	escribimos ex: nosotros escribimos (we write)
You (informal) => Second person	escribes ex: ¿tú escribes espanol? => Do you write spanish? => We usually omit " tú", so more common is ¿escribes espanol?	escribís ex: vosotros escribís
He, she, You (formal) => Third person	excribe ex: Ella escribe => She writes	escriben ex: Ellos escriben

More words:

abrir => to open, Opposite word is cerrar => to close. Adj form is: abierto(s)/abierta(s). ex: The door is open => la puerta está abierta
aburrir => to bore. This word is very commonly used in past tense, or in gerund (-ing) form with both forms adding -ida/ido as conjugation. You may think of word "bored", "boring" as an adjective too, so aburrido/aburrida used aa an adjective.
- ex: The movie is boring => la peculia es aburrida (used an as adjective, i.e movie is nice, movie is bad, etc)
- ex; I'm bored => estoy aburrida/aburrido. Used in past participle form (i.e I had been bored, or I was bored, already happened), or you can also think of bored as an adjective (i.e I'm happy, I'm sad, etc).
cambiar => To change or to exchange something. ex: I want to change my hair color => yo quiero cambiar el color de mi pelo (change color of my hair)
coincidir => to agree (remember as to coincide or come together), diferir => to differ or disagree.
decidir => To decide
dormir => to sleep. It's similar to "dormant" so implies being dormant or sleepy. Opposite word is despertar => to wake
mentir => to lie.
ocurrir => To occur
recibir => To receive. Opposite of this is enviar => to send
repetir => to repeat. From English word, repeat.
sentir => to feel. Similar to Sentiment or feelings.
seguir => to follow (like to follow signs, follow someone). It's mentioned on many road onstruction sign boards.
permitir => to allow. From English word, permit.
vivir => to live. Opposite word is "morir" which means "to die". morit sounds like morbid, which means dead. Noun derived from vivir is "vida" => Life. Viva is a 3rd person imperative verb, meaning live (see in imperative verb section)

The personal "a" (pronouned "aa"):

In short, personal "a" is used after the verb, if the verb is being done to a person. More details on this in video above (for "-er" verb).

ex: I see Maria => Yo veo a Maria. "ver" is an -er verb which means "to see". So, for "I see", it should have been "yo vo", but it's that "irregular verb", which translates to "veo". Reason might be that "vo" is too short of a word, so "veo" was kept.

Nav view search

Navigation

Search

More Articles ...