Verbs -ir
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- Last Updated: Saturday, 01 June 2024 20:08
- Published: Sunday, 10 March 2024 16:25
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-ir verbs: A lot of words ending in -ir are verbs and are called -ir verbs. ex: escribir => to write, etc. This is different than "ir" standalone verb that we saw above.The base word literally means "to eat". The transformation is same as "-er" verb, except for nosostros and vosotros. Here "emos" becomes "-imos" and "-éis" becomes "-ís".
Link: Same video fo -er verb above has -ir verb explanation.
| base word = -ir (to do something) | singular | plural ( add s at end) |
| I => First person | -o (same as -er) |
-imos (instead of -emos) |
| You (informal) => Second person |
-es (same as -er) |
-ís (instead of -éis) |
| He, she, You (formal=> Third person |
-e (same as -er) |
-en (same as -er) |
Ex: Below are few examples of -ir verbs that follow the pattern above.
escribir => To Write: The Spanish verb escribir is an -ir verb translated in English as “to write”. It looms similar to word "scribe" in English which referred to a person employed to make written copies of documents. Basically writing things by hand. Below is the table based on above transformation.
| base word = escribir (to write) | singular | plural ( add s at end) |
| I => First person |
escribo ex: Yo escribo => I write |
escribimos ex: nosotros escribimos (we write) |
| You (informal) => Second person |
escribes ex: ¿tú escribes espanol? => Do you write spanish? => We usually omit " tú", so more common is ¿escribes espanol? |
escribís ex: vosotros escribís |
| He, she, You (formal) => Third person |
excribe ex: Ella escribe => She writes
|
escriben ex: Ellos escriben |
More words:
- abrir => to open, Opposite word is cerrar => to close. Adj form is: abierto(s)/abierta(s). ex: The door is open => la puerta está abierta
- aburrir => to bore. This word is very commonly used in past tense, or in gerund (-ing) form with both forms adding -ida/ido as conjugation. You may think of word "bored", "boring" as an adjective too, so aburrido/aburrida used aa an adjective.
- ex: The movie is boring => la peculia es aburrida (used an as adjective, i.e movie is nice, movie is bad, etc)
- ex; I'm bored => estoy aburrida/aburrido. Used in past participle form (i.e I had been bored, or I was bored, already happened), or you can also think of bored as an adjective (i.e I'm happy, I'm sad, etc).
- cambiar => To change or to exchange something. ex: I want to change my hair color => yo quiero cambiar el color de mi pelo (change color of my hair)
- coincidir => to agree (remember as to coincide or come together), diferir => to differ or disagree.
- decidir => To decide
- dormir => to sleep. It's similar to "dormant" so implies being dormant or sleepy. Opposite word is despertar => to wake
- mentir => to lie.
- ocurrir => To occur
- recibir => To receive. Opposite of this is enviar => to send
- repetir => to repeat. From English word, repeat.
- sentir => to feel. Similar to Sentiment or feelings.
- seguir => to follow (like to follow signs, follow someone). It's mentioned on many road onstruction sign boards.
- permitir => to allow. From English word, permit.
- vivir => to live. Opposite word is "morir" which means "to die". morit sounds like morbid, which means dead. Noun derived from vivir is "vida" => Life. Viva is a 3rd person imperative verb, meaning live (see in imperative verb section)
The personal "a" (pronouned "aa"):
In short, personal "a" is used after the verb, if the verb is being done to a person. More details on this in video above (for "-er" verb).
ex: I see Maria => Yo veo a Maria. "ver" is an -er verb which means "to see". So, for "I see", it should have been "yo vo", but it's that "irregular verb", which translates to "veo". Reason might be that "vo" is too short of a word, so "veo" was kept.